Steps of DNA fingerprinting
Steps of DNA fingerprinting
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Is Protein Formation a Continuous Process?
Is Protein Formation a Continuous Process? Do you think that our body continuously synthesizes proteins? No, proteins are not made continuously in the cells. They are made only when they are needed in the cell for cellular functions. The mRNA…
Difference in between Euchromatin and Heterochromatin
Euchromatin and Heterochromatin Are the two terms – Heterochromatin and Euchromatin confusing? If yes, we will clear the confusion here. Heterochromatin and euchromatin are two major categories of chromatin structure. Heterochromatin has condensed chromatin structure and hence appears dark during staining process. It is inactive for transcription. On the other…
Difference in between Leading and lagging strands
Leading and lagging strands Tell me students as the name suggests, is lagging strand formed behind the leading strand? No, this is not the case. The leading strand is the strand of nascent DNA which is synthesized in the same direction as…
Difference in between Nucleotides and Nucleosides
Nucleotides and Nucleosides Nucleotides are said to be the building blocks of nucleic acids. What are Nucleosides then? Are the two components same? Or is there some difference between them? Yes, they are different. The main difference lies in their molecular composition. Nucleosides contain only pentose…
Difference in between Template strand and Coding strand
Template strand and Coding strand Sometimes when we are asked for the difference between the above two terms, we tend to get confused. But not any more. Let us clear this confusion now. One strand, the template strand, serves as…
Difference in between RNA and DNA
DNA and RNA The two main types of nucleic acids are DNA and RNA. Both DNA and RNA are made from nucleotides, each containing a five-carbon sugar, a phosphate group and a nitrogen base. DNA provides the code for the cellular…
Molecular Basis Of Inheritance-Important
diagrams 1 DNA 2 Nitrogenous Bases 3 Nucleosome 4 Detailed Structure of DNA 5 Replication Fork 6 Central Dogma of Genetics 7 Clover Leaf Model of t-rna 8 Operon Model
Applications of DNA Fingerprinting
Applications of DNA Fingerprinting This technique is used to: Identify criminals in forensic laboratories. Settle paternity disputes. Verify whether a hopeful immigrant is really a close relative of an already established resident. Identify racial groups to rewrite biological evolution.
DNA Fingerprinting
DNA Fingerprinting Alec Jeffreys et al (1985) developed the procedure of genetic analysis and forensic medicine, called DNA fingerprinting. Of the total base sequence present in humans, 99.9% in all human beings are identical. The remaining 0.1% differs from person to person and makes…
Salient Features of the Human Genome
Salient Features of the Human Genome The human genome is made up of 3164.7 million nucleotide bases. On an average, a gene consists of 3000 bases, but size may vary. Human beings have about 30,000 genes. For over 50 percent…
Human Genome Project (HGP)
Human Genome Project (HGP) The project was coordinated by the United States Department of Energy and the National Institute of Health. The method involved the two major approaches- first identifying all the genes that express as RNA called Express sequence tags (EST). The…
Regulation of Gene Expression
Regulation of Gene Expression All the genes are not activated constantly. The genes are needed only when proteins are needed. These are thus called regulatory genes and are made to function only when required and remain non-functional at other times. Such regulated genes,…
Salient Features of Genetic Code
Salient Features of Genetic Code The code is triplet. 61 codons code for amino acids and 3 codons do not code for any amino acids; these are called stop codons (UAG, UGA and UAA). Codon is unambiguous and specific. It codes for just one amino acid.…
Genetic Code
Genetic Code Genetic code is the sequence of nucleotides in DNA or RNA that determines the sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide chain. George Gamow suggested that genetic code should be a combination of 3 nucleotides to code 20 amino…
Translation
Translation It is the process of protein synthesis by reading the mRNA codons. It occurs in cytoplasm. Ribosomes are the sites for protein synthesis in a cell. Process of Translation Charging of tRNA: Binding of specific amino acid to the tRNA…
Transcription
Transcription Transcription is the process where genetic information from a strand of DNA is copied to form the RNA. The RNA is formed as a complementary strand to the DNA strand. Here during the addition of bases in RNA, adenine…
Enzyme Machinery and Process of DNA Replication
Enzyme Machinery and Process of DNA Replication The most important enzyme involved in DNA replication is the DNA polymerase. DNA replication is an energy dependent process. Replication begins on the specific site on the DNA, known as the origin of replication (ori).…
DNA Replication
DNA Replication DNA replication is a process where two identical copies of DNA are produced from a single DNA molecule. It involves the separation of the two strands of a DNA helix to form two new DNA molecules. Out of…
Hershey-Chase Experiment
Hershey-Chase Experiment Alfred Hershey and Martha Chase (1952) gave proof that DNA is the genetic material. In the experiment, bacteriophages (viruses that infect bacteria) were used. They grew some bacteriophages on a medium that contained radioactive phosphorus and some others on a sulphur-containing radioactive medium. The bacteriophages grown…